TechOps Examples

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When people talk about microservices on Kubernetes or AKS, many jump straight into clusters, pods and CI/CD pipelines.

But the real design actually starts one layer before that.

At the core, a microservices system simply means breaking one big application into multiple small services. Each service handles a specific business capability and runs independently.

Users usually enter the system through an Application Gateway, which routes the request to the correct service. For example:

Each service typically owns its own database, sometimes SQL, sometimes NoSQL depending on the need. This avoids tight coupling between services. Since many services are running and talking to each other, two things also become important:

This is the basic structure most microservices systems start with. Now the next question naturally comes.

How do we run all these services reliably across machines without managing servers manually?

If every service runs directly on VMs or servers, things quickly become messy. Different runtime versions, dependency conflicts, and manual scaling start showing up. That is why most modern microservices are packaged as containers.

Containers give us three important benefits:

Each microservice becomes a container image. When the system runs, multiple instances of those containers can run across different machines.

In a typical setup, several machines form a cluster. Each machine acts as a node, and containers are scheduled across these nodes.

So instead of: One service → one server

we get something more flexible:

Service A → multiple containers across nodes
Service B → multiple containers across nodes

This improves both availability and scalability.

For example:

If one node fails, the system can still continue serving requests from other nodes.

Another important piece here is the reverse proxy layer. This container typically handles routing traffic to the correct service instance running inside the cluster.

But managing containers across many nodes manually would still be painful.

Someone has to decide:

That responsibility is handled by an orchestrator. In modern cloud environments, this orchestration layer is most commonly handled by Kubernetes.

Now the architecture becomes even more structured. In the next phase we see how all of this fits together when running microservices directly on AKS with Azure services around it.

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